The debate around Vande Mataram as a national anthem dates back to the early years of India’s independence. While the song held deep emotional value during the freedom struggle, Jawaharlal Nehru and several members of the Constituent Assembly had reservations about giving it the official status of national anthem.
1. Nehru Called It a “Premier Song of India” — But Not Suitable as Anthem
Nehru acknowledged that Vande Mataram had inspired freedom fighters and had become a symbol of resistance against colonial rule.
However, he believed that an anthem needed to be universally comfortable for all communities and must represent the entire cultural fabric of India.
2. He Felt the Tone Was “Mournful” and Not Ceremonial Enough
Nehru reportedly described the melody as slow and melancholic, lacking the kind of uplifting and ceremonial character normally associated with national anthems.
He felt such a tone would not suit official state events, parades, or international ceremonies.
3. “Difficult for Foreigners to Appreciate”
Another practical concern was that the composition and rhythm of Vande Mataram might be challenging for non-Indians to understand or relate to during diplomatic functions.
National anthems, he argued, should be simple, strong, and universally resonant.
4. Community Sensitivities Also Played a Role
Sections of Vande Mataram invoke the imagery of a deity, which some communities found difficult to adopt as a national symbol.
Nehru and others felt the anthem should be something every citizen — regardless of religion — could embrace without hesitation.
5. The Compromise: Jana Gana Mana as Anthem, Vande Mataram as National Song
To respect the emotional legacy of the freedom movement, the Constituent Assembly decided:
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Jana Gana Mana would be the national anthem
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Vande Mataram would be given the status of national song, acknowledging its historical importance
This compromise attempted to balance cultural pride with inclusiveness and international practicality.
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